We should focus on our blue economy

OCEANS have become much more than shipping routes and fishing grounds. They are now recognised as drivers of sustain-able economic growth through what is known as the blue economy. For Pakistan, a country blessed with a coastline of over 1,050km along the Arabian Sea, and a vast exclusive economic zone (EEZ), the blue economy presents a unique opportunity to strengthen national development, improve livelihoods and enhance regional influence. Despite its immense maritime potential, however, Pakistan has yet to fully capitalise on its marine resources. Pakistan's maritime geography offers significant advantages. The country's coastline stretches across Sindh and Balochistan, while the EEZ extends over a large area of the Arabian Sea, and strategic ports connect the country to international trade routes. These geogra- phical assets position Pakistan to become an important maritime hub in the region. Among the most promising sectors of the blue economy are fisheries and aqua- culture. Millions of Pakistanis depend directly or indirectly on fisheries for their livelihood. However, the sector continues to face challenges, such as overfishing, outdated fishing practices, inadequate cold storage facilities and limited value addition. As a result, much of Pakistan's seafood is exported in raw form instead of processed products that command higher prices in international markets. Maritime trade is another pillar of the blue economy. More than 90 per cent of the country's international trade by volume is transported through sea routes. However, efficient ports, modern logistics and improved shipping infrastructure are essential for economic competitiveness. Coastal tourism represents another largely untapped opportunity. Pakistan's coastline features beautiful beaches, mangrove forests, islands and unique marine bio-diversity. Sustainable tourism can create employment, encourage local entrepre-neurship and generate foreign exchange. Environmental sustainability remains central to the success of the blue economy. Pakistan's marine environment faces growing threats from plastic pollution, untreated industrial waste, oil spills, habitat degradation and climate change. Strengthening environmental regulations and practices is essential for long-term economic resilience. Scientific research and innovation also play a critical role in developing an effective blue economy. Marine bio-technology, ocean observation systems, renewable ocean energy and sustainable aquaculture technologies offer new opportunities for economic diversification. Universities and research institutions across the country should collaborate with relevant government agencies and the private sector to generate scientific knowledge that supports evidence-based policymaking. Regional and international cooperation is equally important. Many marine challenges, including illegal fishing, marine pollution and climate change, cannot be addressed by one country alone. Pakistan should actively participate in regional maritime initiatives, strengthen coope- ration with neighbouring countries, and engage with international organisations dedicated to ocean governance. Such partnerships can facilitate technology transfer, capacity-building and sustainable management of shared marine resources. To unlock the full potential of the blue economy, Pakistan should adopt practical policy measures. The blue economy is a strategic pathway towards sustainable national development. The sea has always been one of Pakistan's greatest natural assets. The time has come to recognise its full potential and transform it into a foundation for sustainable prosperity. Sanaullah Dahani Larkana Published in Dawn, September 1st, 2026